Jacksboro, Texas

Everything Jacksboro is known for

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Music in Jacksboro

Songs About Jacksboro

Jacksboro
A.C. Newman
90%
"Your weary army wandered into Jacksboro"
jacksboro highway
lucky pierres
81%
Jacksboro Highway
Owen Temple
81%
"TITLE"
Jacksboro Highway (Live) [feat. Dr. Wu' Friends]
Dr. Wu', Friends
79%
"TITLE"
Jacksboro Hiway
Bill Carter
78%
"TITLE: Jacksboro Hiway"
I’ve Been Everywhere...In Texas
Brian Burns
4%
"Jacksboro"
Jacksboro Highway
Joel Thetford
3%
"TITLE"

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Songs written about the waterways and highways that run near Jacksboro.

History of Jacksboro

Jacksboro, TX RoadyGoat

In 1871, Jacksboro gained national attention when two Kiowa chiefs, Satanta and Big Tree, were tried for murder in the town. This event marked a significant moment in the history of Jacksboro, as it brought the town into the national spotlight and highlighted its role in the legal proceedings involving Native American leaders.

The Chief Who Bragged to the Wrong General RoadyGoat

1871

On May eighteenth, eighteen seventy-one, about a hundred and fifty Kiowa warriors ambushed a supply convoy on the road near Fort Richardson, killing seven men. What made it historically unusual was that General William Tecumseh Sherman and his inspection party had ridden through that exact stretch of road just hours before the attack. When Sherman heard about it at Fort Sill, he had the raid's leaders arrested. Satanta, one of the chiefs, had already made the mistake of bragging about the raid directly to Sherman. He and Chief Big Tree were transported to Jacksboro, Texas, where they were tried before a civilian jury — the first time Native American leaders had ever been prosecuted in a United States civilian court. Both were convicted of murder. Satanta was eventually paroled, returned to raiding, was re-arrested, and died in the Texas state penitentiary in eighteen seventy-eight.

The Trial of the Plains Chiefs RoadyGoat

Right here in Jacksboro, a legal drama unfolded that changed the American West. In May 1871, Kiowa warriors attacked a freight wagon train on the Salt Creek Prairie, killing seven teamsters. General William T. Sherman had traveled that same road out of Fort Richardson only hours before and narrowly missed being attacked himself. Weeks later, up at the reservation agency in Indian Territory, the raid's leader Satanta brazenly admitted his role to agent Lawrie Tatum—and Sherman had him and another chief, Big Tree, arrested at Fort Sill. They were hauled down to the Jack County courthouse here in Jacksboro. For the first time in American history, Native American chiefs were to be tried for murder in a civilian court, not treated as enemy combatants. The trial was a sensation. Armed soldiers filled the courtroom to prevent an escape or rescue. The chiefs were found guilty and sentenced to hang, though the sentence was later commuted.

Fort Richardson

1868

Fort Richardson was officially established in February 1868 in order to provide protection against marauding bands of Comanche and Kiowa Indians on the North Texas frontier and named for Union general Israel Bush (Fighting Dick) Richardson. The unstockaded reservation occupied some 300 acres on Lost Creek, a tributary of the Trinity River, one-half mile south of Jacksboro, in Jack County. Eventually fifty-five stone, picket, and cottonwood-lumber buildings were constructed at an estimated cost to the government of $800,000. Located seventy miles from the Indian Territory and 120 miles from Fort Sill, Richardson was the northernmost army outpost in Texas and the anchor of a defensive line of fortifications that included forts Griffin and Concho . For a brief period from 1868 to 1873 Richardson was strategically the most important post in Texas, and in 1872 it had the largest garrison (666 officers and men) among military installations in the United States. During its ten-year history the fort served as the regimental headquarters for the Sixth United States Cavalry (1868-71), the Fourth United States Cavalry (1871-73), and the Eleventh Infantry (1873-76), as well as home for various elements of the Tenth United States Cavalry and Twenty-fourth United States Infantry . The soldiers of Richardson maintained the post, helped local law officers keep the peace, pursued criminals and deserters, escorted wagon trains, oversaw elections, protected cattle herds, and, most importantly, patrolled for Indians ( see RECONSTRUCTION ). During the prime raiding months of April through September, scouting parties were in the field constantly. Although most of these excursions were fruitless, occasionally the soldiers had bloody encounters with bands of hostile Indians; in July 1870, for instance, Capt. Curwin B. McClellan and fifty-six officers and men of the Sixth Cavalry were ambushed near the Little Wichita River by a large war party of Kiowas and Comanches led by the Kiowa chief Kicking Bird ( see LITTLE WICHITA RIVER, BATTLE OF THE ). After a desperate fight McClellan and his men were able to hold off the Indians and retreat to safety. Thirteen men of the Sixth won the Medal of Honor for gallantry in action in the battle of the Little Wichita. In May of 1871 Gen. William T. Sherman visited Fort Richardson as part of a fact-finding tour of the Texas frontier. While there, he received word that a freight-hauling wagon train had been attacked by a large party of Indians on the Salt Creek Prairie twenty miles from the fort ( see WARREN WAGONTRAIN RAID ). At Fort Sill, Sherman personally arrested the ringleaders of the raid and ordered them taken to Jacksboro to stand trial. The Kiowa chiefs Satanta and Big Tree were held in custody at Fort Richardson and in July 1871 had the dubious honor of becoming the first Indians to be tried in a Texas civil court. After sensational hearings that received nationwide publicity, the chiefs were found guilty of murder and sentenced to hang. In response to these events, General Sherman authorized Fort Richardson's commanding officer, Col. Ranald S. Mackenzie , Fourth Cavalry, to begin offensive operations against any Indians not on the reservation. Over a fifteen-month period Mackenzie led four major expeditions from Richardson into the Panhandle of Texas. In late 1871 he fought a running battle with the Quahadi Comanches , led by their famous war chief, Quanah Parker . In the summer of 1872 Mackenzie explored the unmapped Llano Estacado , and late that year, on the North Fork of the Red River, he located and attacked the encampment of the Comanche chief Mow-way , killing fifty warriors and capturing 130 women and children. During the Red River War (1874-75) Fort Richardson served as a major staging base for the columns of cavalry and infantry that swept the plains and inflicted final military defeat on the Comanche and Kiowa Indians. With the North Texas frontier secure, there was no longer any need for a mi

Lost Battalion, Mobilization Site of Battery F of World War II's

1940

Battery F, 2nd Battalion, 131st Field Artillery, 36th Division, Texas National Guard mobilized here November 1940, for active duty. Sailed from San Francisco, November 1941, was at sea when Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. Went to defend Java where unit was captured March 1942. Prisoners in many parts of Asia for three and one-half years. Performed forced labor for Japanese, suffering untold hardships and starvation. 8 of original 63 died. Most deaths occurred building Burma-Siam Railway. Survivors returned after Japanese surrender. (1968)

Big Tree

1871

Big Tree (Ado-Eete), Kiowa warrior, chief, and cousin of Satanta , was born somewhere in the Kiowa domain at the time when pressures from the expanding Caucasian population were threatening the tribe's traditional way of life. By the late 1860s the embattled Kiowas were forced to seek an accord with Whites. The agreement, arrived at during the Medicine Lodge Treaty Council in 1867, forced Big Tree and the Kiowas to move to a reservation in southwestern Oklahoma. Frustrated by the confinement, Big Tree came under the sway of leaders of the tribal war faction at an early age. He joined Satank , Lone Wolf , and Satanta in raids on settlements inside Indian Territory and across the Red River in Texas. He reputedly was involved in an abortive attack on Fort Sill in June 1870 but really gained notoriety as a result of his participation in the Warren Wagontrain Raid , or Salt Creek Massacre, of May 18, 1871. After this incident, at the urging of Gen. William T. Sherman , the army moved to suppress the Kiowas. Army activity proved to be unnecessary, however, because, within days of the raid, Satanta, Satank, and Big Tree arrived at Fort Sill to collect their rations. There Satanta boasted of his role in leading the Warren raid and implicated Big Tree and Satank. Sherman had the three chiefs arrested. Big Tree attempted unsuccessfully to escape by diving through a window. He was transferred with the others chiefs, in handcuffs and leg irons, to Jacksboro, Texas, to stand trial for murder. At Jacksboro, in the first instance where Indian chiefs were tried before a civil court, Satanta and Big Tree (Satank had been killed on the way to Jacksboro) were convicted of murder and sentenced to hang. However, the federal government, fearing Indian reprisals following the scheduled executions, pressured Texas governor Edmund J. Davis to commute the death sentences to life imprisonment. Davis took that action despite vocal opposition from General Sherman and large segments of the Texas population, and in September 1871 Big Tree and Satanta were transferred to the state prison at Huntsville ( see TEXAS STATE PENITENTIARY AT HUNTSVILLE ). The principal effect of this sequence of events was to divide the tribe more firmly between war and peace factions. In Indian Territory federal agents recognized the danger and, hoping to control what promised to be a volatile situation, promised the tribe that the two chiefs would be released and returned upon promises of good behavior. On August 19, 1873, after two years of serving as "hostages" to ensure Kiowa passivity, Big Tree and Satanta were paroled. Their continued freedom, however, was conditional and could be revoked by any hostile acts committed by the Kiowas, even if the two chiefs were not involved. Yet, despite the stiff parole terms, the Kiowas, allied with Quahadi Comanches, resumed raiding in the winter of 1873-74, and by the next summer Big Tree and Satanta seem to have joined in the attacks. On August 22, 1874, a number of Kiowas, led by Satanta and Big Tree, combined with Quahadis and skirmished with troops during ration distribution at Anadarko Agency, Indian Territory. From there the Indians moved onto the Llano Estacado in Texas, where, on September 9, 1874, a party of 200 Kiowas, including Lone Wolf, Satanta, and Big Tree, attacked Gen. Nelson A. Miles 's supply train, some thirty-six wagons escorted by a company of the Fifth Infantry and a detachment of the Sixth Cavalry. For three days the army held off the Indians until, unable to overwhelm the soldiers, the Kiowas drew off and returned home. This was to be Big Tree's last military venture. The latest series of confrontations convinced the army to step up its patrols across the Llano Estacado, an effort that made life miserable for the constantly fleeing fugitives. Satanta and Big Tree turned themselves in at the Cheyenne Agency in Darlington, Indian Territory, in late September. From there they were transferred in chains to Fort Sill,

Curtis, William Riley

1870

William Riley Curtis was born about 1845 in Jacksboro, Texas, where he grew up a ragged orphan and learned self-sufficiency at an early age but was denied the education he coveted. He worked for several years learning the cattle business from William S. Ikard . He earned some of his first money riding for Oliver Loving , driving herds to Shreveport, Louisiana, and up the Chisholm Trail to Kansas. For a time he served as a Texas Ranger. He married Alice V. Ghormley of Weatherford on May 18, 1869; they made their home in Jacksboro. To their union were born three sons and a daughter. In 1870 Bill Curtis and his younger brother, Jim C., purchased Mose Dameron's small herd of Diamond Tail Ranch cattle. They grazed this herd along Cache Creek near Fort Sill after securing a government contract to sell beef to Fort Reno and Fort Sill in the Indian Territory. Soon they accumulated enough wealth to build up ranches on both Cache Creek and the Wichita River. After the expiration of the contract compelled them to seek other pastures, the Curtises established their ranch headquarters near Cambridge in Clay County. There Bill was dealt a severe blow with the accidental death of his brother in 1878. At the same time, he realized that his land was too crowded for good grazing and therefore moved his cattle north to Grosebeck Creek, near the site of present Quanah. Curtis formed a new partnership with Thomas J. Atkinson, one of a family of Jack County pioneers. With the help of a cowboy, Sam Bean, the partners early in 1879 selected for their headquarters a site on Gypsum Creek, in southeastern Childress County. Later they moved this new headquarters to the junction of Doe and Buck creeks in Collingsworth County. Since their families resided in Henrietta, where the children had better educational opportunities, the partners never constructed a permanent ranchhouse. However, the Curtis and Atkinson families enjoyed summers on the ranch; the Atkinsons brought their own hired nurse and trail cook, along with appropriate camping equipment. Over the next few years Curtis secured more government contracts for reservation beef sales and delivered herds to the Kansas markets. In the early 1880s George Loving , son of Oliver Loving, made a proposition whereby Curtis could sell out to British capital for a handsome sum and Loving himself could make a $100,000 commission. Curtis accepted, the contract was drawn up, and Loving went to Scotland to form a company and bring back prospective investors to see the Diamond Tail. Despite the ranch's crude living conditions, the Scotsmen were impressed and offered Curtis $1.25 million for the place, which he accepted. Before the deal could be completed, however, Curtis was indicted for shooting a lawyer from Henrietta who tried to kill him. Although he was acquitted, this turn of events caused the Scotsmen to call off negotiations. Due to their initial lack of trust, Curtis later turned down a second offer from Scotland, proposing that he retain one-quarter interest and manage the ranch himself. George Loving lost his commission, and the Diamond Tail remained in the possession of Curtis and Atkinson. Curtis was widely known for generosity. After Giles emerged as the Diamond Tail's main shipping point with the arrival of the Fort Worth and Denver City Railway in 1887, Curtis began hosting an annual barbecue. A highlight of that event was his presentation of a baby carriage to every baby named for him during that year. When the lean years of the late 1880s caught up with Curtis, he brought in Sam Lazarus, a man with remarkable financial skills, as a receiver to put the ranch in the black again. On February 11, 1893, when a blizzard swept across the Panhandle , Curtis saved the Diamond Tail cattle by riding ahead of them in a heavy Arctic suit. With a pair of wire clippers he cut every fence in his path, allowing the herd to pass through and find safety. Beginning in 1895, Curtis moved most of his cattle to Chavez C

Warren Wagon Train Raid

1871

On May 18, 1871, Kiowa warriors attacked a wagon train near Jacksboro, Texas. The subsequent trial of chiefs Satanta and Big Tree was the first criminal trial of Native American leaders in a U.S. court.

Jack County

1871

Created 1856. Organized 1857. Named for W. H. and P. C. Jack, brothers and patriots in the Texas Revolution. Butterfield Overland Mail, 1858-1861, had 3 stage stops in county. In 1861, Jack County voted against secession, 76-14. Most men fought in frontier units. Some were Confederates; others joined Federal army. Fort Richardson was established in 1867. In 1871 near Jacksboro, Kiowas massacred Warren Wagon Train teamsters. General of the Army W. T. Sherman, then at the fort, sent General Ranald S. MacKenzie, commander, to arrest the Indians. Chiefs Satanta and Big Tree were convicted in first non-tribal trials of Plains Indians in North Texas. By 1875 MacKenzie's raiders had opened West Texas for settlement. A Corn Club founded in Jacksboro by County Agent Tom Marks on September 8, 1907, was the forerunner of the International 4-H Clubs. Fort Richardson, with 7 original buildings standing, is now a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark. Museum is open the year round. Other attractions include circular high school building and old limestones on square, Jacksboro. Recreation centers about lakes, parks, campgrounds. Economy is based on agriculture, oil, cattle, sheep, and goats. (1965)

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